完善环境仲裁制度的几点建议

本文在简要总结分析我国试行环境仲裁制度的实践及其存在的主要问题的同时,根据《仲裁法》的有关规定,提出了建立适合我国国情的环境仲裁制度的几点建议。     

自来水厂细菌固定化除锰及其水质条件的研究

对自来水厂除锰细菌的３种固定化途径进行了实验分析。表明生态平衡的自固定化能够在短期内高效、稳定地除锰,通过控制运行参数和水质,把滤柱的除锰成熟期期短为５０ｄ。。     

碳化硼促进Psendomonas stutzeri A1501电催化固氮产氨及机制

以Pseudomonas stutzeri（P.stutzeri） A1501为模式固氮菌株、碳化硼（B₄C）为典型电子传递载体构建电催化氮还原体系,探究B₄C添加对该体系固氮产氨性能的影响.结果表明,B₄C能够显著提高P.stutzeri A1501介导的电催化氮还原体系的产氨性能.在0.4g/L投加量条件下,900℃煅烧温度下制备的B₄C（B₄C₉₀₀）的添加能够使电催化体系氨累积量提高117%,这是由于B₄C₉₀₀表面丰富的活化位点能够促进N₂吸附与活化.此外,电化学和光谱学谱图表明,B₄C₉₀₀的添加不仅能够促使P.stutzeri A1501分泌更多的氧化还原活性物质,而且驱动高活性阴极生物膜的形成,进而强化电极电子的长距离传递及利用.     

黑龙江省生态足迹计算与动态分析

生态足迹模型是定量评估可持续发展状态的代表之一.1978年以来,全省总生态足迹以40.2万hm2/年的速度增长,各类生态足迹也不断增长,化石能源增长速度快,省人均生态足迹从1.4832 hm2/人增加至2010年的1.905 7 hm2/人,增加0.422 5 hm2/人,上升28.49％,对生态足迹贡献率排序:化石能源用地＞耕地＞建设用地＞水域＞草地＞林地;生态承载力78年时为7 995.23万hm2,2010年达7 726.37万hm2,2010年贡献率排序为林地＞耕地＞水域＞化石能源用地＞草地＞建设用地;1993年后处于生态赤字状态,从单项土地类型来看,水域和林地处于生态盈余状态.     

Facile synthesis of cadmium-doped graphite carbon nitride for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline under visible light irradiation

In recent years, using semiconductor photocatalysts for antibiotic contaminant degradation under visible light has become a hot topic. Herein, a novel and ingenious cadmium-doped graphite phase carbon nitride (Cd-g-C₃N₄) photocatalyst was successfully constructed via the thermal polymerization method. Experimental and characterization results revealed that cadmium (Cd) was well doped at the g-C₃N₄ surface and exhibited high intercontact with g-C₃N₄. Additionally, the introduction of cadmium significantly improved the photocatalytic activity, and the optimum degradation efficiency of tetracycline (TC) reached 98.1%, which was exceeded 2.0 times that of g-C₃N₄ (43.9%). Meanwhile, the Cd-doped sample presented a higher efficiency of electrical conductivity, light absorption property, and photogenerated electron-hole pair migration compared with g-C₃N₄. Additionally, the quenching experiments and electron spin-resonance tests exhibited that holes (h⁺), hydroxyl radicals (?OH), superoxide radicals (?O₂^?) were the main active species involved in TC degradation. The effects of various conditions on photocatalytic degradation, such as pH, initial TC concentrations, and catalyst dosage, were also researched. Finally, the degradation mechanism was elaborated in detail. This work gives a reasonable point to synthesizing high-efficiency and economic metal-doped photocatalysts.

     

辽河源头区的水体现状及评价研究

通过单因子指数评价法、模糊综合评价法、水质指数评价法对辽河源头区2008年-2012年的水质进行评价,发现辽河源头区所受污染较为严重,其中氨氮、BOD5和COD超标严重,对水体水质的污染影响较大。三种评价标准中,单因子评价法过于严苛,忽略了不同评价因子之间的联系;模糊综合评价法缺少对超过地表水标准的水质类别的定位,不能确定首要污染物;水质指数评价法不仅能反应水质状况,还能确定水体的污染程度及首要污染因子,是较为理想的方法。     

广西苍梧马尾松林和大叶栎林的火行为比较

马尾松(Pinus massoniana)是中国南方大面积造林的树种,也是抗火能力最弱的树种。研究了广西苍梧11龄马尾松用材林和4龄大叶栎萌芽林在正常冬季和干旱夏季情景下的火行为,用behaveplus计算了火线强度、蔓延速度、树冠火可能性等参数。结果表明,两种林分在干旱夏季的火行为高于在正常冬季的火行为。无论是在正常冬季还是在干旱夏季,都没有出现马尾松可燃物模型的火行为一致高于大叶栎可燃物模型的情况;天气、地形、可燃物床结构对可燃物含水率有很大影响,而含水率是火行为的决定因素。虽然大叶栎被划分为难燃树种,大叶栎萌芽林的火行为高于成年大叶栎乔木林,苍梧大叶栎萌芽林在极端干旱的夏季情景有被火把点燃的可能性。如果将大叶栎萌芽林作为防火林带使用,需要经常清除林下枯枝落叶,割除黑莎草,减少细小可燃物。     

Long noncoding RNA and gene expression analysis of melatonin-exposed Liaoning cashmere goat fibroblasts indicating cashmere growth

Cashmere produced from Liaoning cashmere goat is highly valuable. Melatonin is an important factor affecting cashmere growth and can regulate the growth cycle via effects on gene expression. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression, but detailed studies of their effect on hair growth are lacking. To explore how lncRNA mediates the effects of melatonin on cashmere growth, we used RNA-Seq including a control condition (C) and three melatonin treatments (1.0 g/L 24 h (M1_24H), 0.2 g/L 24 h (M2_24H), 0.2 g/L 72 h (M2_72H)). M1_24H, M2_24H, and M2_72H had 32, 10, and 113 differentially expressed lncRNAs, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analyses results showed that melatonin was most beneficial to cashmere growth at 0.2 g/L 72 h, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling corresponding to an effect of LncRNA MTC was involved in hair follicle development. We found that melatonin upregulated XLOC_005914 lncRNA (LncRNA MTC). Proliferation increased in the 0.2 g/L 72 h condition and cells with high LncRNA MTC expression, but it was reduced in fibroblasts with knocked down LncRNA MTC expression. This is the first report that LncRNA MTC promotes fibroblast proliferation and regulates hair follicle development and cashmere growth by activating NF-κB signaling.     

清洁柴油生产技术进展

对比中国和美国柴油标准的变化,介绍了清洁柴油的生产技术及其进展,包括柴油加氢及非加氢脱硫、脱芳烃等技术,重点论述了非加氢脱硫技术,并指出加氢脱硫技术仍是目前国内生产清洁柴油的重要手段。     

Stabilization of mercury-containing wastes using sulfide

This paper summarizes the findings of our studies on mercury stabilization using sulfide. Primary stabilization variables such as stabilization pH and sulfide/mercury molar ratio were tested. Mercury stabilization effectiveness was evaluated using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and the constant pH leaching tests. The influence of interfering ions on mercury immobilization was also tested. The experimental results indicate that the sulfide-induced treatment technology is an effective way to minimize mercury leaching. It was found that the most effective mercury stabilization occurs at pH 6 combined with a sulfide/mercury molar ratio of 1. The combined use of increased dosage of sulfide and ferrous ions ([S]/[Hg]=2 and [Fe]/[Hg]=3 at pH=6) can significantly reduce interferences by chloride and/or phosphate during sulfide-induced mercury immobilization. The sulfide-treated waste stabilization efficiency reached 98%, even with exposure of the wastes to high pH leachants.